英國的教師標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
師資對學(xué)校的教學(xué)起到關(guān)鍵的作用，如何培養(yǎng)和訓(xùn)練好的師資的隊伍，是學(xué)校建設(shè)的重要部分，也是高水平教學(xué)質(zhì)量的保障。
對不同國家的教師標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行研究和探索，可以更好地對不同教育體系下的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行比較和分析，從而達(dá)到對教師職業(yè)的深刻理解，并用以改善我們學(xué)校的教學(xué)實踐。
英國的教師標(biāo)準(zhǔn)于2012年9月開始在英格蘭推行，Sally Coates主持的教師標(biāo)準(zhǔn)獨立審查報告是建立教師標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)。其實，僅知道標(biāo)準(zhǔn)其實是不夠的，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實施過程以及評估的方法是理解標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的重要方式。
如何公正而客觀地按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行評估，是保證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)得到正確實施的根本。
張鐵光教授、劍橋大學(xué)博士
上海金蘋果學(xué)校國際部名譽校長
劍橋國際課程發(fā)展中心主席

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/teachers-standards
About the standards
關(guān)于教師標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
These are the Teachers’ Standards for use in schools in England from September 2012. The standards define the minimum level of practice expected of trainees and teachers from the point of being awarded qualified teacher status (QTS).
這是是2012年9月開始在英國學(xué)校使用的教師標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以獲得教師資格（QTS）的觀點出發(fā)，對學(xué)員和教師所做的最低水平實踐期望的定義。
The Teachers’ Standards are used to assess all trainees working towards QTS, and all those completing their statutory induction period. They are also used to assess the performance of all teachers with QTS who are subject to The Education (School Teachers’ Appraisal) (England) Regulations 2012, and may additionally be used to assess the performance of teachers who are subject to these regulations and who hold qualified teacher learning and skills (QTLS) status.
教師的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是用來評估為獲得QTS的所有學(xué)員所，以及所有完成其法定入職期的人員。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也用來評估所有符合2012年教育（學(xué)校教師評價）（英格蘭）條例的持有QTS的教師。此外，還可以用來評估滿足這些條例的教師，以及持有合格教師學(xué)習(xí)和技能（QTLS）的教師。
The standards were introduced following the recommendations in the reports of the independent Review of Teachers’ Standards, chaired by Sally Coates. These reports are available from GOV.UK.
這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是在由Sally Coates主持的教師標(biāo)準(zhǔn)獨立審查報告建議下引入的，這些報告可以從英國政府的網(wǎng)站上找到。
Who are the standards for?
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是給誰的？
The Teachers’ Standards apply to:
教師標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于：
l trainees working towards QTS;
為獲得QTS的學(xué)員；
l all teachers completing their statutory induction period (newly qualified teachers [NQTs]); and
所有完成他們法定入職期的教師（新合格的教師【NQTs】）；
l teachers in maintained schools, including maintained special schools, who are covered by the 2012appraisal regulations.
公立學(xué)校的教師，包括由2012年評估規(guī)例所涵蓋的特殊公立學(xué)校，。
The National College for Teaching and Leadership (NCTL) will use Part Two of the Teachers’ Standards, which relates to personal and professional conduct, when assessing cases of serious misconduct, regardless of the education sector in which the teacher works.
無論教師服務(wù)于那個教育部門，當(dāng)評估其嚴(yán)重不當(dāng)行為情況時，國家教學(xué)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)院（NCTL）將采用教師標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的第二部分，它涉及到個人和職業(yè)的操守。
PREAMBLE
序言
Teachers make theeducation of their pupils their first concern, and are accountable for achieving the highest possible standards in work and conduct. Teachers act with honesty and integrity; have strong subject knowledge, keep their knowledge and skills as teachers up-to-date and are self-critical; forge positive professional relationships; and work with parents in the best interests of their pupils.
教師首先要關(guān)注學(xué)生的教育，并對在工作和行為中達(dá)到盡可能高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)負(fù)責(zé)。教師要正直誠實，具有很強的學(xué)科知識，保持低作為教師的知識和技能的更新的和反思；建立積極的職業(yè)關(guān)系；為了學(xué)生的最佳利益和家長一起工作。
Part One: Teaching
部分一：教學(xué)
A teacher must:
教師必須：
1 Set high expectations which inspire, motivate and challenge pupils
設(shè)立激勵、激發(fā)和挑戰(zhàn)學(xué)生的高期望
l establish a safe and stimulating environment for pupils, rooted in mutual respect
在相互尊重的基礎(chǔ)上，為學(xué)生建立安全和令人激動的環(huán)境
l set goals that stretch and challenge pupils of all backgrounds, abilities and dispositions
為各種背景、能力和性格的學(xué)生，設(shè)置竭盡所能和挑戰(zhàn)性的目標(biāo)
l demonstrate consistently the positive attitudes, values and behaviour which are expected of pupils.
表現(xiàn)出對學(xué)生的態(tài)度、價值觀和行為期望的一貫積極態(tài)度。
2 Promote good progress and outcomes by pupils
促進(jìn)學(xué)生良好的進(jìn)步和成果
l be accountable for pupils’ attainment, progress and outcomes
對學(xué)生的成就、進(jìn)展和結(jié)果負(fù)責(zé)
l be aware of pupils’ capabilities and their prior knowledge, and plan teaching to build on these
知道學(xué)生的能力和他們的先前的知識，并據(jù)此計劃教學(xué)
l guide pupils to reflect on the progress they have made and their emerging needs
引導(dǎo)學(xué)生反思他們所取得的進(jìn)步和他們新的需求
l demonstrate knowledge and understanding of how pupils learn and how this impacts on teaching
展示對學(xué)生如何學(xué)習(xí)以及它是如何影響教學(xué)的知識和了解，
l encourage pupils to take a responsible and conscientious attitude to their own work and study.
鼓勵學(xué)生對自己的工作和學(xué)習(xí)采取認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度。

3 Demonstrate good subject and curriculum knowledge
展示良好的學(xué)科和課程知識
l have a secure knowledge of the relevant subject(s) and curriculum areas, foster and maintain pupils’ interest in the subject, and address misunderstandings
掌握有關(guān)學(xué)科和課程領(lǐng)域有把握的知識，培養(yǎng)和維護(hù)學(xué)生對本學(xué)科的興趣，解決其產(chǎn)生的誤解
l demonstrate a critical understanding of developments in the subject and curriculum areas, and promote the value of scholarship
展示對學(xué)科和課程領(lǐng)域發(fā)展批判性的理解，提升學(xué)術(shù)上的價值
l demonstrate an understanding of and take responsibility for promoting high standards of literacy, articulacy and the correct use of standard English, whatever the teacher’s specialist subject
無論什么專業(yè)學(xué)科的教師，都要展示對促進(jìn)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)素養(yǎng)、表達(dá)能力和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語正確使用的理解和負(fù)有的責(zé)任
l if teaching early reading, demonstrate a clear understanding of systematic synthetic phonics
如果教早期閱讀，展示對系統(tǒng)合成語音的清晰理解
l if teaching early mathematics, demonstrate a clear understanding of appropriate teaching strategies.
如果教初期數(shù)學(xué)，展示對適當(dāng)教學(xué)策略的清晰理解。

4 Plan and teach well structured lessons
良好結(jié)構(gòu)課程的計劃和教學(xué)
l impart knowledge and develop understanding through effective use of lesson time
通過有效地利用課堂時間傳授知識和發(fā)展理解
l promote a love of learning and children’s intellectual curiosity
促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛和孩子的求知欲
l set homework and plan other out-of-class activities to consolidate and extend the knowledge and understanding pupils have acquired
布置作業(yè)和計劃其它的課外活動，以鞏固和擴大學(xué)生獲得的知識和理解
l reflect systematically on the effectiveness of lessons and approaches to teaching
系統(tǒng)地反思課堂教學(xué)和方法的有效性
l contribute to the design and provision of an engaging curriculum within the relevant subject area(s).
在相關(guān)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，有助于設(shè)計和提供引人入勝的課程。
5 Adapt teaching to respond to the strengths and needs of all pupils
采用適合的教學(xué)以應(yīng)對所有學(xué)生的長處和需要
l know when and how to differentiate appropriately, using approaches which enable pupils to be taught effectively
知道何時以及如何適當(dāng)?shù)貐^(qū)分，使用讓學(xué)生有效地被教的方法
l have a secure understanding of how a range of factors can inhibit pupils’ ability to learn, and how best to overcome these
具有對一系列可以抑制學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)能力因素的有把握的理解，以及如何最好地克服這些因素
l demonstrate an awareness of the physical, social and intellectual development of children, and know how to adapt teaching to support pupils’ education at different stages of development
展示對孩子的身體、社會和智力發(fā)展情況的知曉，知道如何采用支持不同發(fā)展階段孩子教育的教學(xué)
l have a clear understanding of the needs of all pupils, including those with special educational needs; those of high ability; those with English as an additional language; those with disabilities; and be able to use and evaluate distinctive teaching approachesto engage and support them.
清楚地了解所有學(xué)生的需要，包括有特殊教育需要的、有高能力的、有英語作為附加語言的、有殘疾的學(xué)生；能夠使用和評價參與和支持他們的獨特教學(xué)方法。
6 Make accurate and productive use of assessment
做出準(zhǔn)確的評估，積極地使用評估的結(jié)果
l know and understand how to assess the relevant subject and curriculum areas, including statutory assessment requirements
知道并理解如何評估相關(guān)科目和課程領(lǐng)域，包括法定的評估要求
l make use of formative and summative assessment to secure pupils’ progress
運用形成性和終結(jié)性評價以確保學(xué)生進(jìn)步
l use relevant data to monitor progress, set targets, and plan subsequent lessons
使用相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)控進(jìn)度，設(shè)定目標(biāo)，并計劃后續(xù)的課程
l give pupils regular feedback, both orally and through accurate marking, and encourage pupils to respond to the feedback.
給學(xué)生定期做口頭和準(zhǔn)確評分的反饋，并鼓勵學(xué)生對反饋做出回應(yīng)。

7 Manage behaviour effectively to ensure a good and safe learning environment
有效地管理行為以確保良好和安全的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境
l have clear rules and routines for behaviour in classrooms, and take responsibility for promoting good and courteous behaviour both in classrooms and around the school, in accordance with the school’s behaviour policy
有明確的教室規(guī)則和行為程序，依照學(xué)校的行為策略，對促進(jìn)在教室和學(xué)校周圍良好禮貌行為負(fù)責(zé)
l have high expectations of behaviour, and establish a framework for discipline with a range of strategies, using praise, sanctions and rewards consistently and fairly
具有很高的行為期望，使用始終如一的表揚、制裁和獎勵以及公平，建立具有一系列策略的紀(jì)律框架
l manage classes effectively, using approaches which are appropriate to pupils’ needs in order to involve and motivate them
有效地管理班級，使用適合學(xué)生需求的方法，以吸引和激勵他們
l maintain good relationships with pupils, exercise appropriate authority, and act decisively when necessary.
與學(xué)生保持良好的關(guān)系，行使適當(dāng)?shù)穆殭?quán)，在必要時要果斷采取行動。
8 Fulfill wider professional responsibilities
履行更廣泛的專業(yè)責(zé)任
l make a positive contribution to the wider life and ethos of the school
為學(xué)校更廣泛的生活和風(fēng)氣作出積極的貢獻(xiàn)
l develop effective professional relationships with colleagues, knowing how and when to draw on advice and specialist support
與同事建立有效的職業(yè)關(guān)系，知道如何以及何時聽取意見和得到專家的支持
l deploy support staff effectively
有效地支持員工
l take responsibility for improving teaching through appropriate professional development, responding to advice and feedback from colleagues
負(fù)責(zé)通過適當(dāng)?shù)膶I(yè)發(fā)展來改進(jìn)教學(xué)，回應(yīng)同事的建議和反饋
l communicate effectively with parents with regard to pupils’ achievements and well-being.
就學(xué)生的成就和幸福與家長進(jìn)行有效溝通。
PART TWO: PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
第二部分：個人與職業(yè)行為
A teacher is expected to demonstrate consistently high standards of personal and professional conduct. The following statements define the behaviour and attitudes which set the required standard for conduct throughout a teacher’s career.
教師要表現(xiàn)出一貫的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)個人和專業(yè)行為。下面的陳述定義了在教師職業(yè)生涯中設(shè)定要求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的行為和態(tài)度。
l Teachers uphold public trust in the profession and maintain high standards of ethics and behaviour, within and outside school, by:
教師在校內(nèi)和校外，都要秉承行業(yè)的公眾信任和維護(hù)倫理道德的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
² treating pupils with dignity, building relationships rooted in mutual respect, and at all times observing proper boundaries appropriate to a teacher’s professional position
尊重學(xué)生，建立以相互尊重為基礎(chǔ)的關(guān)系，并時刻觀察適合于教師職業(yè)地位的適當(dāng)界限
² having regard for the need to safeguard pupils’ well-being, in accordance with statutory provisions
依照法律條文，考慮維護(hù)學(xué)生幸福感方面的需要
² showing tolerance of and respect for the rights of others
表示寬容和尊重他人的權(quán)利
² not undermining fundamental British values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect, and tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs
不破壞英國的基本價值觀，包括民主、法治、個人自由和相互尊重，以及對那些不同宗教和信仰的寬容
² ensuring that personal beliefs are not expressed in ways which exploit pupils’ vulnerability or might lead them to break the law.
確保個人信念不以利用學(xué)生的脆弱性或可能導(dǎo)致其違反法律的方式進(jìn)行表達(dá)
l Teachers must have proper and professional regard for the ethos, policies and practices of the school in which they teach, and maintain high standards in their own attendance andpunctuality.
教師必須對他們所任教的學(xué)校的風(fēng)氣、政策和實踐有適當(dāng)而專業(yè)的關(guān)注，并保持高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的出勤率和準(zhǔn)時性。
l Teachers must have an understanding of, and always act within, the statutory frameworks which set out their professional duties and responsibilities.
教師必須理解設(shè)定他們專業(yè)職責(zé)和責(zé)任的法定框架，并始終在其內(nèi)行動。